System of electrical distribution.



J. W. JEPSON.

SYSTEM 01" ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

APPLIOATION FILED APR. 30, 1906.

981,198 Patented Jan. 10,1911

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN w. JEPSON, or NEW YORK, N. Y., assrcnon, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, 'ro GOULD COUPLER COMPANY, A CORPORATION or NEW YORK.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J an. 10, 1911.

Application filed April 30, 1906. Serial No. 314,531.

Erovements in Systems of Electrical Distriution; and in order that those skilled in the art may understand and practice my invention I give the following specification.

My invention relates to systems of electrical distribution in which a generator is employed to supply current to a lighting or other consumption circuit, and in which the generator voltage is automatically regulated to the requirements of the consumption circuit, and auxiliary devices are provided for supplying the consumption circuit at times whenthe generator voltage is too low or when the generator is not working.

The object of my invention is to provide a system of the character indicated with automatically acting devices for regulating the voltage of the generator, for controlling the connection of the generator with the con-.

sumption circuit and for regulating the operation of the auxiliary dev ces.

In the embodiment of my invention herein illustrated and described, the same is particularly adapted to a car lighting system in which the generator is driven at a variable speed by any of the ordinary and well known means from the car axle; while the present form of my invention is particularly adapted for this )urpose, the lnvention is not restricted to this use, but may be used in any distribution system where its peculiar advantages may be desired. In the accomlmnying drawing, 1 have illustrated diagrammatically a'sysiem embodying my invention suitable for use in car lighting.

Referring to the drawing, 1 indicates the generator which is connected to the lighting circuit 2 by conductor 3, leading from brush 4 to contacts 7 and 8 of circuit closer 9, through the lights 2 and com luctor 10 back to the other brush 1]. Frgm point 5 in this circuit leads conductor 12, which includes the variable resistance device lflcand generator field coil 14, and connects with the other side of the generator circuit at a pointin conductor 10. Connected across the" gener:

' ator circuit is a voltage responsive devlce 16,

the circuit of which is from point 17 in conductor 12 through connection 18, the coil of device 16, conductor 19, back to brush 11 of the dynamo. Device 16 controls circuit closers 9 and 20 by means of .a connection 21 leading from a point 22 in conductor 18 through the coil 9 of the closer 9, connection 23, contact 24, armature 25 of the de- 11 of the generator. The circuit of closer 20 is from the contact 8 through circuit closer 9, conductor 26, coil 20 of the closer 20, connection 23, contact 24, armature 25, conductor 1?) back to brush 11 of the generator.

A storage battery 15 is connected across the circuit by connections 27, through contact 28, closer 20, contact 29, conductor 30, to the lighting circuit 2. In the drawing, the system is represented with the generator not working at a suflicient voltage for the lighting circuit and u 1th the battery supplying'the lights. In this condition, closer 20 is in its lower position, as shown, whereby the batter circuit direct to the li hts is closed. Tiie charging circuit for the attery is from a point 31 of the lighting circu1t through conductor 30, which includes the armature of a booster 32, a series coil 33, booster field coil 34 to a-point 35 in the battery connection 27, and thence to the battery. Booster 32 may be driven by any suitable connection from a motor 36, such, for instance, as by being mounted on the same shaft, (indicated in dotted lines,) or may be driven by a belt or in any other con venient manner. Motor 36 is in a circuit leadin from conductor 3, conductor 37 througi the motor brushes 38 to conductor 19 and the brushll of the generator. The motor field is indicated at 39. The booster is'shown as of the differential type and is provided with a second field winding 40 which is a potential winding in a circuit leading from point 31 through conductor 30 to point 41, through branch 42, contacts 43, 44 of closer 20, branch 45 to a point 46 in conductor 19 leading to the brush-11 of the generator.

As stated above, the generator voltage is automatically regulated by the conditions in the charging cirguit. 'For this .purpose a regulating device is included in electrical vice 16 to connection 19 and back to brush carbon yariedfthereby varying the resistance in the circuit 12- of the generator field coil. I11 the device shown, the carbon plates 47, t?" are bridged by a pivoted bridge piece 49 connected with each set 47, 47' of carbon plates so that pressure on each set of plates isincreased or diminished at the same time. Lever 48 is operated by the combined mag netic effects of coils 33 and 50. Coil 33 is a series coil in the battery charging circuit and coil 50 is a potential coil connected to this circuit from'a point 51 in conductor through coil 50, conductor 52 to a point 53 in the circuit 30 on the other side of the booster. Coils 33 and 50 energize core 54: and this core being thus in the fields of both coils 33 and 50 the action of the regulating device is controlled by the combined magnetic effect ofthe current in these two coils The operation of the device is as follows: Assuming that the generator be driven from the car axle, the conditions when the car is at rest, or the speed of the car too low to- 30 cause the generator to develop voltage sufficient for the lights, are illustrated in the drawing in which the generator is disconnected by closer 9 being open. The battery is directly connected to the lights through conductor 27, closer 20, and conductor 30.

and 8 are closed. Theclosing of these con-- tacts connects the generator with the lights.

The generator now supplies the lights. The closing of the circuit at contacts 7 and 8 closes the circuit of coil 20 of closer 20, and

this closer on becoming energized operates to open the booster short circuit at the points 28 and 29, and to open the direct connection of the battery with the lights. It also closes the circuit 45 of the potential field 40 of the ,booster at the points 43 and 44. The battery and booster are thus connected in series relation. As the driving speed of the gen-- erator 1 further increases, (with the increase of the speedof the car) the battery receives a charge which is regulated by the booster 32.

Assuming that the generator voltage is maintained substantially constant and that the battery isv in a discharged condition, then since the electromotive force of the battery is low it will only require a small lates 7, 47 and a lever as by means I of wlnc the pressure on the carbon plates is booster voltage to produce the proper charging current. The field coils 34 and 40 of the booster are opposing, the coil 40 preponderilw. If the coil 40 were alone excited the booster voltage would be much too great and the booster would produce too great a charging current for the battery in a discharged condition. This charging current is cut down by the opposing field 34 which carries the c rging current so that if the chargin current tends to increase, the strength 0 field 34 increases, thereby cutting down the excitation of the booster and thecharging current so that the charging current is maintained substantially constant for any given battery condition. As the batter becomes charged its voltage rises, there y tending to decrease the charging current. This weakens the eflect of the field 34, thereby increasing the excitation of the booster, so that it tends to bring back the charging current to its former value. It cannot quite accomplish this, however, since an equilibrium is attained resultingin a decrease in charging current and an mcrease in booster voltage. tinues as the voltage ofthe battery rises due to its becoming charged, until the charging current is reduced to ractically m'l and the booster y l g ge raised to a point,substantially suilicient to maintain the batter floating when it is fully char (1. The a ve is on the assumption that te generator volte is maintained substantially constant.

a Tie generator voltage is maintained sub ges 10o.

stantially constant irrespective of chan in speed by means of device 13 and cells 33 This action con-' and 50. If at any time during the char g y of the battery or while the battery is oating the nerator voltage tends to increase, this wilf cause a slight increment in the charging current, causing the strength of coil 33 to be sufliciently. increased to increase theresistance of device 13, decrease the gen-.

erator field strength and thereby brin the voltage of the generator substantially ack to its predetermined value.

During the charging of the battery the current in coil 33'vari'es materially, but this has substantially no effect on the attraction of core 54 as'lon as the speed oftheegienerator has not varie Thisti s explain by the fact that as the strength of coil 33 decreases, due to the decrease 'in' charging current as the charging of the battery increases, the strength of coil 50 is correspondingly increased due to the increase in booster voltage.- Thus the combined and 50 upon the core 54 is kept substantially constant for any g1ve n genera tor speed irrespective of'the tagerin'g charg ng current given the battery. y the sensitive o eration of 'coils 33 and able to o tain close regulation.

pull of coils 33 Although I have described my improvements in reat detail nevertheless I do not desire to e limited to such details except as clearly specified hereinafter in the claims, since many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. L

Having thus described my invention, the following is what I claim asnew therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a system of electrical distribution,

the combination with a consumption circuit,

a generator and a storage'battery connected thereto, of a booster for charging the battery, and means arranged to regulate the generator voltage, said means controlled by electrical conditions of a series winding in the charging circuit and a winding in shunt with said booster.

2. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination with a consumption circuit, a generator and a storage battery connected thereto, of a charging circuit for the battery including a difierential booster, and means arranged to regulate the generator voltage, said means controlled by the current and potential of the charging circuit.

3. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination with a consumption circuit, a generator connected thereto, a storage battery and a difi'crenti-al booster connected to the consumption circuit, of means to regulate the generator voltage, said means controlled by variations in'the potential across the booster.

-l-. In a system of electrical distribution,

' the combination with a consumption circuit,

a generator connected thereto, a. storage battery and booster connected to the consump tion circuit, of variable resistance in the generator field circuit, and means controlled by the current and potential in the booster circuit'for varying said resistance.

5. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination with a consumption circuit, a generator for supplying the same, astorage battery and booster connected in series with the consumption circuit, of means for regulating the generator voltage, said means comprising a series coil and a potential coil in the booster circuit.

(3 In a system of electrical distribution,

the combination with a consumption circuit, a generator for supplying the same, and a storage battery, o. a charging circuit for the battery, an electromagnetic device in said charging circuit. a voltage'regulator for the generator controlled by said electromagnetic device, said electromagnetic device having a winding in series with said booster and another winding in shunt'with said booster whereby a substantially constant magnetic effect for a given voltage on the cmisumption circuit is exerted regardless of current or potential changes in the charg- 4 ing circuit.-

"4'; In a system of electrical distrilnition, the combination with a consumption circuit, agenerator and a storage battery for supplying the same, a booster in series relation with the battery for charging said battery, of a variable resistance in the generator field circuit, an electromagnetic device for varying said resistance, said electromagnetic device having a winding in series with said boosterand another winding in shunt with said booster to obtain a, substantially constant magnetic clIect for a given voltage in the consumption circuit regardless of currentor potential variations in the booster circuit.

8. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination with a consumption circuit, a generator, a storage battery and a booster, of means for-short-circuiti'ng the booster and connecting the battery direct to the consumption circuit for discharge, means for automatically connecting the generator to the consumption circuit, at a )redetermined generator voltage, means .or automatically opening the booster short-circuit and connecting the battery and booster in series to the consumption circuit for battery charge, and means responsive to electrical conditions in the charging circuit for regu lating the generator voltage.

t). In a system of electrical distribution, a consumption circuit, a generator, a storage battery, means arranged to connect the generator and storage battery in parallel directly to the consumption circuit, a booster, means for automatically connecting the booster in series with the battery for battery charge, a variable resistance in the generator field circuit, and an electromagnetic device in the booster circuit for varying said resistance, said electromagnetic device being energized by current and voltage in the booster circuit.

10. In a system of electrical distribution, the combination of a consumption circuit, a generator and a storage battery adapted to be connected in parallel with said circuit. a booster, automatically operated means for opening and closing the circuit of the. ex-

citing field coil. of the booster, a voltage ing the circuit of the exciting field coil of the booster, a voltage regulator for the generator and means controlledby the output of the booster for operating said voltage] electrical condition of the battery and regulator. means for causing said booster to produce 10 12; In a system of electrical distribution, a tapering charge on the battery. in combination, a generator, a regulator JOHN W JEPSON' therefor a storage battery, translating-device, a hooster for raising the Volta im- Witnesses:

pressed upon the storage battery, sai regu- VVILLIAM' P. HAMMOND, lator being responsive to changes in the H. C. WORKMAN. 

